Cross

Cross
Recorded in several spellings including Cross, Crosse, du Cross and Crossman, this is an English surname. It derives from the pre 7th century Old Norse word "kross", which in Middle English comprehensively displaced the Olde English form of "cruc". As a surname it has several possible origins. The first is that it may have been topographical for someone who lived near a stone cross set up by the roadside or in a market place. In a few instances the surname may have been given originally to someone who lived by a crossroads, but this sense of the word seems to have been a comparatively late development. Finally, in other cases the surname may have denoted one who carried the cross in processions of the Christian Church. Early examples of the name include Richard del Crosse, recorded in 1285 in the Assize Court Rolls of Lancashire; and Phillip Crosman of Somerset in the Subsidy Rolls of that county in 1327. John Cross, aged 18 years, was convicted of being a Monmouth rebel and was transported to the Barbadoes in 1685. His final fate is not known. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Humfrey de Cruce. This was dated 1273, in the "Hundred Rolls of Oxfordshire", during the reign of King Edward 1, known as "The Hammer of the Scots", 1272 - 1307. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was sometimes known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.

Surnames reference. 2013.

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  • CROSS — {{{image}}}   Sigles d une seule lettre   Sigles de deux lettres   Sigles de trois lettres AAA à DZZ EAA à HZZ IAA à LZZ MAA à PZZ QAA à TZZ UAA à XZZ …   Wikipédia en Français

  • cross — [ krɔs ] n. m. • 1892; de cross country 1 ♦ Course à pied en terrain varié et difficile, avec des obstacles. Faire du cross. Champion de cross. ♢ Épreuve disputée sur un tel parcours. Disputer les cross de la saison. Fam. Parcours fait en courant …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Cross — (kr[o^]s), a. 1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique; intersecting. [1913 Webster] The cross refraction of the second prism. Sir I. Newton. [1913 Webster] 2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting;… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cross — [krôs, kräs] n. [< ME cros & crois; cros < OE cros & ON kross, both < OIr cros < L crux (gen. crucis), a cross < IE * kreuk , extension of base * (s)ker , to turn, bend > L curvus; ME crois < OFr < L crux] 1. an upright… …   English World dictionary

  • Cross — (kr[o^]s; 115), n. [OE. crois, croys, cros; the former fr. OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, fr. L. crux; the second is perh. directly fr. Prov. cros, crotz. fr. the same L. crux; cf. Icel. kross. Cf. {Crucial}, {Crusade}, {Cruise}, {Crux}.] [1913… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Cross — (engl. = Kreuz) steht für: einen Familiennamen; Namensträger siehe Cross (Familienname) Cross (Boxen), eine Schlagtechnik beim Boxen Cross, beim Tennis ein diagonal geschlagener Ball The Cross, eine britische Band Crossrad ein Zwischen oder… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • cross — ► NOUN 1) a mark, object, or figure formed by two short intersecting lines or pieces (+ or x). 2) an upright post with a transverse bar, as used in antiquity for crucifixion. 3) a cross shaped decoration awarded for bravery or indicating rank in… …   English terms dictionary

  • cross — cross·abil·i·ty; cross·able; cross·ette; cross·ite; cross·jack; cross·ly; cross·ness; cross·tie; cross·ways; cross·word·er; re·cross; un·cross; au·to·cross; cross·court; mo·to·cross; criss·cross; cross·er; in·ter·cross; poly·cross; cross·tied; …   English syllables

  • cross — I (disagree with) verb act in opposition to, argue, be opposed to, collide, conflict with, confront, confute, contend, contest, contradict, contravene, controvert, debate, defy, dispute, gainsay, homini obsistere, make a stand against, neutralize …   Law dictionary

  • Cross — Cross, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crossed} (kr[o^]st; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crossing}.] 1. To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the arms. [1913 Webster] 2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the letter t …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Cross.tv — Type Private Founded Vienna, Austria Founder Andreas Kisslinger Stefan Jager Headquarters …   Wikipedia

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